The machine’s built-in water pump forces cold water into the heating system (boiler), where it is heated to a precise temperature. After the barista manually doses and tamps the coffee grounds, the high-temperature, high-pressure water passes through the coffee puck in the portafilter. Under approximately 9 bar of pressure, the coffee is efficiently extracted within 20–30 seconds, producing a cup of espresso with rich crema and concentrated flavor.